DNA Testing

DNA testing refers to a variety of methods of examining deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA. DNA is blueprint of all living things. Every living cell contains DNA and the DNA governs the functioning of the entire organism. Because DNA is unique to each person, plant, etc., it can be studied to determine the relationship between two people, two pieces of a plant or to find out whether one sample matches another.

Forty- six chromosomes are essential to create a human being at the time of conception. Thus at conception, every human being receives half a DNA from the biological father and the other half DNA from the biological mother. Usually, DNA testing is conducted to verify the paternity and ancestry of a person. DNA testing is also an important tool used in tracking down criminals. It is used to create a portrait of criminal suspects.

A variety of DNA testing protocols are used worldwide. They analyze a small portion of DNA that varies from person to person. Tests are conducted using molecular methods such as a polymerase chain reaction or with DNA arrays and DNA chips.

A mitochondria DNA test is used to trace the maternal history of a person. Mitochondrial DNA passes from the mother to her children (both male and female) without any change. By examining the similarities of this primitive DNA between two people, the tester can determine if they are related along maternal family lines. Because the DNA does not change when it is passed on from mother to child, testing can take place even if a generation is not available to participate in the testing.

Even though DNA testing requires a lab, somewhat sterile conditions and expensive equipment, it is available to everyone through a DNA testing kit. You can buy the kit online or at the local drugstore. Swab the cheeks of the people being tested and mail the kit in to the lab. The results are mailed to you in just a few weeks. However, if you need to prove a DNA relationship for a legal purpose such as establishing paternity) you will be to be tested in person by laboratory employees who observe a legal chain of custody with the samples and results.